Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), frontline soldiers of the adaptive immune system, are
recruited into the tumor site to fight against tumors. However, their small number and …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting innate immune cells
that regulate adaptive immunity, including against cancer. Therefore, understanding the …

Although conventional innate immune stimuli contribute to immune activation, they induce
exhausted immune cells, resulting in suboptimal cancer immunotherapy. Here we suggest a …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is difficult to treat effectively, due to its aggressiveness,
drug resistance, and lack of the receptors required for hormonal therapy, particularly at the …

Simple Summary Interferons are cytokines that play key roles in the activation of cellular
components of the immune response, such as dendritic cells, macrophages and T cells …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune specialized cells playing a critical role in promoting
immune response against antigens, and may represent important targets for therapeutic …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role between innate and adaptive immunity as
one of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Both immune cells and tumor cells express …

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma and the mortality rate of advanced melanoma
patients continue to rise globally. Despite the recent success of immunotherapy including …

Determining the antigen specificities of the endogenous T-cell repertoire is important for
screening naturally occurring or therapy-induced T-cell immunity and may help identify …

Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that initiate
immune defense to pathogens and tumor cells. Human tumors contain only few DCs that …