Plants and microbes interact with each other via different chemical signaling pathways. At
the risophere level, the microbes can secrete molecules, called elicitors, which act on their …

RNA viruses have very compact genomes and so provide a unique opportunity to study how
evolution works to optimize the use of very limited genomic information. A widespread viral …

Autophagy emerges as an essential immunity defense against intracellular pathogens. Here
we report that turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection activates autophagy in plants and that …

The plant faces different pedological and climatic challenges that influence its growth and
enhancement. While, plant-microbes interactions throught the rhizosphere offer several …

ABSTRACT RNA silencing is an innate antiviral immunity response of plants and animals.
To counteract this host immune response, viruses have evolved an effective strategy to …

Large losses before crop harvesting are caused by plant pathogens, such as viruses,
bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, and nematodes. Among these, fungi are the major cause of …

Plant viruses use cellular factors and resources to replicate and move. Plants respond to
viral infection by several mechanisms, including innate immunity, autophagy, and gene …

Plant virus genome replication and movement is dependent on host resources and factors.
However, plants respond to virus infection through several mechanisms, such as autophagy …

The exposure of plants in open land and to various harsh environmental conditions means
that they are at risk of being attacked by different types of microbial pathogens. For survival …

Abiotic and biotic stresses are the major factors limiting plant growth worldwide. Plants
exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses often cause reduction in plant biomass as well as crop …