Vitamin D plays a major role in the regulation of mineral homeostasis and affects bone
metabolism. Most effects of vitamin D have been attributed to the 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 …

Collagen is the dominant fibrous protein not only in connective tissues but also in hard
tissues, bone, dentin, cementum, and even the mineralizing cartilage of the epiphyseal …

Zinc is an essential trace element required for bone formation, however not much has been
clarified yet for its role in osteoblast. We hypothesized that zinc would increase osteogenetic …

Tissue formation is determined by uncountable biochemical signals between cells; in
addition, physical parameters have been shown to exhibit significant effects on the level of …

Bone tissue arises from mesenchymal cells induced into the osteoblast lineage by essential
transcription factors and signaling cascades. MicroRNAs regulate biological processes by …

The success of an implant is determined by its integration into the tissue surrounding the
biomaterial. Surface roughness and composition are considered to influence the properties …

Biomaterial surface chemistry has profound consequences on cellular and host responses,
but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using self-assembled …

Cells are known to sense and respond to the physical properties of their environment and
those of tissue scaffolds. Optimizing these cell–material interactions is critical in tissue …

Fabricating functionally graded scaffolds from biodegradable polymers to enable the
mimicking of native tissue is an important challenge. Here we demonstrate the fabrication …

Runx2 (Cbfa1, AML-3) is multifunctional transcription factor that is essential for osteoblast
development. Runx2 binds specific DNA sequences and interacts with transcriptional …