Nitrite is one of the players in the broad nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. This nitrogen oxo-
anion is involved in key pathways crucial to life on Earth and to the planetary “recycling” of …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members, which include TGF-βs, activins and
bone morphogenetic proteins, are pleiotropic cytokines that elicit cell type-specific effects in …

Most drugs entering clinical trials fail, often related to an incomplete understanding of the
mechanisms governing drug response. Machine learning techniques hold immense promise …

Although artificial neural networks are powerful classifiers, their internal structures are hard
to interpret. In the life sciences, extensive knowledge of cell biology provides an opportunity …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its adaptive mechanism, the unfolded protein
response (UPR), are triggered by the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins …

It is not often realized that the absolute protein specificity is an exception rather than a rule.
Two major kinds of protein multi-specificities are promiscuity and moonlighting. This review …

Sustaining energy homeostasis is of pivotal importance for all living organisms. In
Arabidopsis thaliana, evolutionarily conserved SnRK1 kinases (Snf1-RELATED KINASE1) …

Malaria parasite infection is initiated by the mosquito-transmitted sporozoite stage, a highly
motile invasive cell that targets hepatocytes in the liver for infection. A promising approach to …

Bacterial colonization of biotic or abiotic surfaces results from two quite distinct physiological
processes, namely bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Broadly speaking, a biofilm is …

How do proteins evolve? How do changes in sequence mediate changes in protein
structure, and in turn in function? This question has multiple angles, ranging from …