The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical
structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured …

In the late nineteenth century, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated that the electromagnetic
properties of materials are intimately related to their structure at the subwavelength scale by …

The prospect of creating metamaterials with optical properties greatly exceeding the
parameter space accessible with natural materials has been inspiring intense research …

Over the last 20 years, silicon photonics has revolutionized the field of integrated optics,
providing a novel and powerful platform to build mass-producible optical circuits. One of the …

Silicon photonics is an enabling technology that provides integrated photonic devices and
systems with low-cost mass manufacturing capability. It has attracted increasing attention in …

Thanks to advanced semiconductor microfabrication technology, chip-scale integration and
miniaturization of lab-on-a-chip components, silicon-based optical biosensors have made …

Periodic structures with a sub‐wavelength pitch have been known since Hertz conducted his
first experiments on the polarization of electromagnetic waves. While the use of these …

Silicon photonics has drawn increasing attention in the past few decades and is a promising
key technology for future daily applications due to its various merits including ultra-low cost …

Silicon photonics is playing a key role in areas as diverse as high-speed optical
communications, neural networks, supercomputing, quantum photonics, and sensing, which …

In this paper, we present a brief history of silicon photonics from the early research papers in
the late 1980s and early 1990s, to the potentially revolutionary technology that exists today …