In 1991, a group of 21 scientists gathered at the Wingspread Conference Center to discuss
evidence of developmental alterations observed in wildlife populations after chemical …

Hormesis refers to adaptive responses of biological systems to moderate environmental or
self-imposed challenges through which the system improves its functionality and/or …

Each year ecotoxicological problems become increasingly complex and encompass
broader spatial and temporal scales. Our practical understanding must evolve accordingly to …

The definitive reference in its field, Ecological Risk Assessment, Second Edition details the
latest advances in science and practice. In the fourteen years since the publication of the …

Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and
informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to …

Nutrition has long been considered more the domain of medicine and agriculture than of the
biological sciences, yet it touches and shapes all aspects of the natural world. The need for …

Much confusion surrounds the concept of hormesis and what its biological meaning
represents. This paper provides a definition of hormesis that addresses its historical …

Despite the capacity of chaperones and other homeostatic components to restore folding
equilibrium, cells appear poorly adapted for chronic oxidative stress that increases in cancer …

This book describes how to conduct a thorough, honest and complete environmental risk
assessment. Coverage includes the philosophy of uncertainty and the frailties of human …

This article provides a comprehensive review of hormesis, a dose‐response concept that is
characterized by a low‐dose stimulation and a high‐dose inhibition. The article traces the …