Abstract The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (LOME) occurred between two significant
biotic diversifications: the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event and the Silurian …

Sclerobionts are organisms that encrust onto or bore into a hard substrate. They are
valuable sources of palaeoecological data as they often preserve the skeletonized portion of …

Clathrodictyids are the most abundant stromatoporoids in the Upper Ordovician **azhen
Formation (middle to upper Katian) of South China. A total of nine species belonging to four …

Trepostome bryozoans, with their thick calcitic skeletons, formed the largest number of
symbiotic associations with endobionts in the Phanerozoic. Such associations were also …

There was a sudden increase in the diversity of bioclaustrations in the Sandbian (Late
Ordovician) that continued somewhat more slowly in the Katian. The Sandbian was also the …

Bryozoans were common benthic invertebrates in the Silurian seas. The large biodiversity
among Silurian benthic organisms prompted diversified interactions, and as a result …

Ancient and modern marine environments are usually characterized by colonizers
associated with living and dead organisms, as well as inorganic substrates. There are …

Although phosphatized bryozoans have been described recently from the early Cambrian,
the first unequivocal bryozoan fossils with hard skeletons are known from the Ordovician …

Two new brachiopod–brachiopod symbiotic overgrowths have been discovered from the
Kukruse Regional Stage (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Estonia. Both the Philhedra rivulosa …

Previous examples of symbiotic associations between bryozoans and hydrozoans mainly
involve cheilostome bryozoans and athecate hydroids belonging to the Family Zancleidae …