Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) produced in reproductive tract tissues of male insects and
transferred to females during mating induce numerous physiological and behavioral …

Octopamine (OA), a biogenic monoamine structurally related to noradrenaline, acts as a
neurohormone, a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter in invertebrates. It is present in …

Octopamine biosynthesis requires tyrosine decarboxylase to convert tyrosine into tyramine
and tyramine β-hydroxylase to convert tyramine into octopamine. We identified and …

The trace biogenic amine tyramine is present in the nervous systems of animals ranging in
complexity from nematodes to mammals. Tyramine is synthesized from tyrosine by the …

Octopamine (OCT) belongs to a group of compounds known as biogenic amines. OCT, a
monohydroxylic analog of norepinephrine, is found in both vertebrate and invertebrate …

The biological concept of stress originated in mammals, where a “General Adaptation
Syndrome” describes a set of common integrated physiological responses to diverse …

Octopamine is an important neuroactive substance that modulates several physiological
functions and behaviors of invertebrate species. Its biosynthesis involves two steps, one of …

A complex cascade of events leads to the initiation and maintenance of a behavioral act in
response to both internally and externally derived stimuli. These events are part of a …

The biogenic amine octopamine and its biological precursor tyramine are thought to be the
invertebrate functional homologues of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters. Octopamine …

Publisher Summary The mechanisms of sexual reproduction are expected to be complex
and evolutionarily dynamic in internally fertilizing species, where numerous biochemical …