The Andes are the world's most biodiverse mountain chain, encompassing a complex array
of ecosystems from tropical rainforests to alpine habitats. We provide a synthesis of Andean …

Mountains are key features of the Earth's surface and host a substantial proportion of the
world's species. However, the links between the evolution and distribution of biodiversity …

Reconstructing the Paleogene topography and climate of central Tibet informs
understanding of collisional tectonic mechanisms and their links to climate and biodiversity …

Mountains are arguably Earth's most striking features. They play a major role in determining
global and regional climates, are the source of most rivers, act as cradles, barriers and …

Speciation events often occur in rapid bursts of diversification, but the ecological and genetic
factors that promote these radiations are still much debated. Using whole transcriptomes …

Summary The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are
home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes …

Mountain building in the Andes, the longest continental mountain range on Earth, started in
the Late Cretaceous but was highly diachronous. Reconstructing the timing of surface uplift …

The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the
world, yet the timing of the origin and evolutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of …

Topographically complex regions on land and in the oceans feature hotspots of biodiversity
that reflect geological influences on ecological and evolutionary processes. Over geologic …

The tempo of species diversification in large clades can reveal fundamental evolutionary
mechanisms that operate on large temporal and spatial scales [1–4]. Hummingbirds have …