The organic matter content of wastewater is expressed as chemical oxygen demand and
biological oxygen demand. The dissolved oxygen content of water is important for survival of …

Conventional biological wastewater treatments are broadly classified as suspended growth
and attached growth treatments. The biomass is suspended in wastewater in suspended …

Petroleum and refinery industries are facing many challenges like depleting resources,
climate change and stringent environmental regulations. Efforts are being taken to increase …

The sustainable development to fulfill the needs of mankind is driving force behind technical
and scientific research. The increase in population in develo** countries has two major …

Flotation is combination of chemical, physicochemical and physical phenomena. It
separates minerals on the basis of differences in surface properties. It is important to study …

Activated sludge process is most common biological treatment. High efficiency and easy
operation are advantages of the process. Characterization of the sewage is important aspect …

The effluent treatment plants are developed based on laboratory scale experiments and
then scaled up to pilot scale. This is very rigorous process and lot of time and investment is …

The sludge from petroleum refineries and industries contains organic matter, phenols and
aromatic compounds along with oily contaminants. The conventional treatment of refinery …

Organic matter removal from waste water is principle purpose behind treatment operations.
Organic matter, if present in wastewater, reduces dissolved oxygen and forces the waster …

Wastewater treatment is gaining increasing importance because of ever increasing
population and industrialization. Various physical, chemical and biological treatments are …