In an epoch of rapid environmental change, understanding and predicting how biodiversity
will respond to a changing climate is an urgent challenge. Since we seldom have sufficient …

Speciation, the evolution of reproductive isolation among populations, is continuous,
complex, and involves multiple, interacting barriers. Until it is complete, the effects of this …

Direct observation of evolution in response to natural environmental change can resolve
fundamental questions about adaptation, including its pace, temporal dynamics, and …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Inversions are structural mutations that reverse the sequence of a chromosome segment
and reduce the effective rate of recombination in the heterozygous state. They play a major …

It is increasingly important to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of local
adaptation because of its relevance to climate change, crop and animal production, and …

Speciation is a fundamental evolutionary process, the knowledge of which is crucial for
understanding the origins of biodiversity. Genomic approaches are an increasingly …

The evolution of phenotypic similarities between species, known as convergence, illustrates
that populations can respond predictably to ecological challenges. Convergence often …

Marine stickleback fish have colonized and adapted to thousands of streams and lakes
formed since the last ice age, providing an exceptional opportunity to characterize genomic …

The origin of biological diversity, via the formation of new species, can be inextricably linked
to adaptation to the ecological environment. Specifically, ecological processes are central to …