The growing number of artificial structures in estuarine, coastal and marine environments is
causing “ocean sprawl”. Artificial structures do not only modify marine and coastal …

LOUISE B. FIRTH1, ANTONY M. KNIGHTS2, DANIELLE BRIDGER3, ALLY J. EVANS4,
NOVA MIESZKOWSKA5, 6, PIPPA J. MOORE4, NESSA E. O'CONNOR7, EMMA V …

Human population density within 100 km of the sea is approximately three times higher than
the global average. People in this zone are concentrated in coastal cities that are hubs for …

Over the last few decades, the offshore wind energy industry has expanded its scope from
turbines mounted on foundations driven into the seafloor and standing in less than 60 m of …

Aim The global sprawl of marine hard infrastructure (eg breakwaters, sea walls and jetties)
can extensively modify coastal seascapes, but the knowledge of such impacts remains …

Coastal landscapes are being transformed as a consequence of the increasing demand for
urban infrastructure to sustain commercial, residential and tourist activities. A variety of man …

Over the centuries, land reclamation, coastal development, overfishing and pollution have
nearly eliminated European wetlands, seagrass meadows, shellfish beds, biogenic reefs …

Of all the renewable energy sources (RESs)―except direct solar heat and light―wind
energy is believed to have the least adverse environmental impacts. It is also one of the RES …

Coastal defence structures are proliferating as a result of rising sea levels and stormier seas.
With the realisation that most coastal infrastructure cannot be lost or removed, research is …

Marine management plans over the world express high expectations to the development of
offshore wind energy. This would obviously contribute to renewable energy production, but …