Approximately two decades after the first pioneering analyses, the study of shape asymmetry
with the methods of geometric morphometrics has matured and is a burgeoning field. New …

Robustness is characterized by the invariant expression of a phenotype in the face of a
genetic and/or environmental perturbation. Although phenotypic variance is a central …

Although most studies on integration and modularity have focused on variation among
individuals within populations or species, this is not the only level of variation for which …

Taxonomy relies greatly on morphology to discriminate groups. Computerized geometric
morphometric methods for quantitative shape analysis measure, test and visualize …

Morphological traits have long been a focus of evolutionary developmental biology ('evo-
devo'), but new methods for quantifying shape variation are opening unprecedented …

Aside from its selective role in filtering inter‐individual variation during evolution by natural
selection, the environment also plays an instructive role in producing variation during …

The relationship between genotype (which is inherited) and phenotype (the target of
selection) is mediated by environmental inputs on gene expression, trait development, and …

The variation among domestic dog breeds offers a unique opportunity to study large-scale
diversification by microevolutionary mechanisms. We use geometric morphometrics to …

Morphological integration and modularity have become central concepts in evolutionary
biology and geometric morphometrics. This review summarizes the most frequently used …

Abstract Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial
Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine …