Robotic artificial muscles are a subset of artificial muscles that are capable of producing
biologically inspired motions useful for robot systems, ie, large power-to-weight ratios …

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in various situations, such as life
rescue, environmental exploration, and wireless communication, to avoid the safety risk of …

Electrochemical actuators directly converting electrical energy to mechanical energy are
critically important for artificial intelligence. However, their energy transduction efficiency is …

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire-based soft actuators have had their performance limited by
the small stroke of the SMA wire embedded within the polymeric matrix. This intrinsically …

The performance of shape-memory alloy (SMA)-based soft actuators depends largely on the
configuration of the cross-section of the actuator. A shape memory alloy-based curved …

Rigid robots have taken on a variety of automated manufacturing tasks and have made a
huge contribution to industrial development; however, they are not suitable for further …

Abstract Development of biomimetic actuators has been an essential motivation in the study
of smart materials. However, few materials are capable of controlling complex twisting and …

We report here the development of an actuator with an ionic electromechanically active
polymer (IEAP) laminate that is exclusively designed to exhibit a combination of high …

The soft actuators of smart materials have attracted significant attention in recent years due
to their unique functions and distinctive characteristics. The actuators are composed of smart …

Biological muscles exhibit a high level of integration, in which actuators, sensors and
transmission elements can be included in one component. Artificial muscles or actuators …