A quantitative research synthesis (meta-analysis) was conducted on the literature
concerning the effects of feedback on learning from computer-based instruction (CBI) …

The purpose of this article is to review from an instructional-design (ID) perspective nine
teaching programs developed by cognitive psychologists over the last ten years. Among …

This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date look at problem solving research and
practice over the last fifteen years. The first chapter describes differences in types of …

Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors discusses educational systems that assess a student's
knowledge and are adaptive to a student's learning needs. The impact of computers has not …

Early in 2005, Phil Harris, Executive Director of the Association of Educational
Communications and Technology, approached Mike Spector and asked if he would like to …

This article describes research results based on multiple years of experimentation and real-
world experience with an adaptive tutoring system named Wayang Outpost. The system …

An important skill in solving problems, especially ill-structured problems, is the production of
coherent arguments to justify solutions and actions. Because direct instruction in …

Task Analysis Methods for Instructional Design is a handbook of task analysis and
knowledge elicitation methods that can be used for designing direct instruction, performance …

Speed in acquiring the knowledge and skills to perform tasks is crucial. Yet, it still ordinarily
takes many years to achieve high proficiency in countless jobs and professions, in …

Computers have been used in education for over 20 years. Computer-based training (CBT)
and computer aided instruction (CAI) were the first such systems deployed as an attempt to …