Resources such as fertile soil and clean water are already limited in many parts of the world.
Additionally, the conventional use of arable land is becoming increasingly difficult, which is …

Specialized metabolites from plants are important for human health due to their antioxidant
properties. Light is one of the main factors modulating the biosynthesis of specialized …

Mass balance principles are a cornerstone of efficient fertilizer use and can be utilized to
optimize plant nutrition without discarding or leaching solution. Here, we describe the …

The COVID-19 pandemic is causing many victims worldwide and has generated a serious
economic crisis. Substantial changes have occurred in the food and ornamental production …

This article identifies the potential environmental effects large-scale indoor farming may
have on air, water, and soil. We begin with an overview of what indoor farming is with a …

This study analyzed interactions among photon flux density (PPFD), air temperature, root-
zone temperature for growth of lettuce with non-limiting water, nutrient, and CO2 …

Vertical farming is becoming increasingly popular for production of leafy vegetables and
herbs, with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as one of the most popular herbs. In basil most …

As the world's population is increasing exponentially, human diets have changed to less
healthy foods resulting in detrimental health complications. Increasing vegetable intake by …

Light is one of the most important ingredients for healthy plant growth. It is also responsible
for triggering a number of plant physiological responses. For centuries, humans have relied …

Vertical farming is a relatively new fresh fruit and vegetable production system, where lamps
(mostly light emitting diodes [LED]) are the sole light source. A high light use efficiency …