Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the failure of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells (or β-
cell death) due to either autoimmunity (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or failure to compensate for …

Two types of thermogenic fat cells, brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes, play a key role
in the regulation of systemic energy homeostasis in mammals. Both brown fat and beige fat …

Insulin synthesis in pancreatic β‐cells is initiated as preproinsulin. Prevailing glucose
concentrations, which oscillate pre‐and postprandially, exert major dynamic variation in …

Abstract Intracellular calcium (Ca 2+) is a critical coordinator of various aspects of cellular
physiology. It is increasingly apparent that changes in cellular Ca 2+ dynamics contribute to …

Impaired insulin secretion is a hallmark in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). THADA has
been identified as a candidate gene for T2DM, but its role in glucose homeostasis remains …

Alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca 2+) levels diminish insulin secretion
and reduce β-cell survival in both major forms of diabetes. The mechanisms responsible for …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and oxidative stress increases bone fragility
and fracture risk in long-standing diabetes mellitus cases. In this study, a ROS-reactive drug …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the first steps of protein assembly within the
secretory pathway and is the site where protein folding and quality control are initiated. The …

The pathogeneses of the 2 major forms of diabetes, type 1 and type 2, differ with respect to
their major molecular insults (loss of immune tolerance and onset of tissue insulin …

As a chronic inflammatory disease, diabetes mellitus creates a proinflammatory
microenvironment around implants, resulting in a high rate of implant loosening or failure in …