The intentional production of birch bark tar by European Neanderthals as early as 190,000
years ago plays an important role in discussions about the technological and behavioural …

The lakeshore site of La Marmotta is one of the most important Early Neolithic sites of
Mediterranean Europe. The site is famous for the exceptional preservation of organic …

An adhesive is any substance that bonds different materials together. This broad definition
includes materials used in everything from hafted stone tools to monumental architecture. In …

Birch bark tar was used extensively throughout human history. While later ceramic-based
production technologies are known, prehistoric aceramic techniques leave little to no …

Mesolithic resinous adhesives are well known for their role as hafting mastic within
composite technologies, yet it is increasingly clear that their usage was more diverse than …

The use of resinous substances, certainly one of the earliest technologies developed by
humans, was well-known by Holocene hunter-gatherers at the onset of the Neolithisation …

Birch bark tar is the most widely documented adhesive in prehistoric Europe. More recent
periods attest to a diversification in terms of the materials used as adhesives and their …

Attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FT‐IR) analysis of
100 adhesive samples from different prehistoric composite artefacts, pottery, and amorphous …

The Northern European Mesolithic is well known for the manufacture of composite tools and
weapons for specialised purposes. A composite implement recovered from the Early …

Archaeological findings prove the appearance and use of birch bark tar since the Middle
Palaeolithic. The production and use of birch bark tar and pine wood tar has overlapped …