Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become essential contributors to advancing
and treating lung cancers (LCs). The development of liquid biopsies that utilize exosomal …

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important participants in several
biological functions, particularly their complex interactions with the KRAS pathway, which …

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, as
currently available medications such as riluzole and edaravone aim to slow disease …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative
disease after Alzheimer's disease. Despite numerous studies, specific age-related factors …

Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is often driven by BRAF mutations, such as the
V600E mutation, which promotes cancer growth through the MAPK pathway and contributes …

Cytopathology induced by methamphetamine (METH) is reminiscent of degenerative
disorders such as Parkinson's disease, and it is characterized by membrane organelles …

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is identified as genetic disorder characterized by multiple tumors on
nerve tissues. NF1 is the most prevalent form, identified by neurofibromas and skin changes …

Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological illness which is linked with high worldwide burdens.
Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized to be among the contributors that trigger the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
pathological changes, including the loss of dopaminergic neurons and abnormal …

Microglia are essential in neurogenesis, synaptic pruning, and homeostasis. Nevertheless,
aging, and cellular senescence may modify their role, causing them to shift from being …