Epidemiologic studies have previously suggested that premenopausal females have
reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to age-matched males …

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. More than 17
million people die worldwide from CVD per year. There is considerable evidence suggesting …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized
by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that …

Rationale: Right ventricular (RV) fibrosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension contributes to
RV failure. While RV fibrosis reflects changes in the function of resident RV fibroblasts …

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension remain poor despite
advanced therapies. Although consensus guidelines recommend against pregnancy in …

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a terminal pulmonary
vascular disease characterized by increased pressure, right ventricular failure, and death …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating and progressive disease with
marked morbidity and mortality. Even though being female represents one of the most …

Objective: Estrogen is indispensable in health and disease and mainly functions through its
receptors. The protection of the cardiovascular system by estrogen and its receptors has …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease characterized by elevated
pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular remodelling and occlusive pulmonary …

Right ventricular failure predicts adverse outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension
(PH), and in subjects with left ventricular heart failure and is associated with interstitial …