The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle
processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in …

Geomagnetic indices are convenient quantities that distill the complicated physics of some
region or aspect of near‐Earth space into a single parameter. Most of the best‐known …

The magnetospheric physics research community uses a broad array of quantitative data-
model comparison methods (metrics) when conducting their research investigations. It is …

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)-based global space weather models have mostly been
developed and maintained at academic institutions. While the “free spirit” approach of …

The lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) system consists of the upper atmosphere and the
lower part of the ionosphere and as such comprises a complex system coupled to both the …

Abstract Space Weather is the study of the dynamics of the coupled Solar‐Terrestrial
environment, as these dynamics impact technological systems and human activity. This …

Ionospheric conductance is a crucial factor in regulating the closure of magnetospheric field‐
aligned currents through the ionosphere as Hall and Pedersen currents. Despite its …

Geomagnetic activity is often described using summary indices to summarize the likelihood
of space weather impacts, as well as when parameterizing space weather models. The …

This paper describes highly interesting observations of the 25 December 2015 substorm
onset at 08: 17 UT during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) while …

To assess the effect of uncertainties in solar wind driving on the predictions from the
operational configuration of the Space Weather Modeling Framework, we have developed a …