The global increasing contamination of water resources with toxic heavy metals poses
severe threats to human health and aqueous ecosystem. Therefore, it is of high significance …

The separation properties of polyamide reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes,
widely applied for desalination and water reuse, are constrained by the permeability …

A literature search revealed a lack of up-to-date and detailed review articles on the use of
membrane technologies for heavy metal removal. Thus, this article provides a …

Despite several technological advancements and achievements, wastewater treatment
continues to be a fundamental global issue. The wastewater, which contains heavy metal …

The presence of toxic heavy metals (HMs) in water systems poses significant threats to both
human health and the environment. Researchers worldwide have been actively exploring …

The present era is seeking our attention on the dilemma caused by the contamination of the
aquatic system with chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). Amid Ni and Cr oxidation states …

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) generates electricity from the potential energy created by
mixed water solutions producing a salinity gradient. This study presents a review of the most …

The potential toxicity of heavy metals arising from the discharge of industrial wastewater has
become a serious public concern. Fabrication of a thin film composite (TFC) NF membrane …

Desalination and softening of sea, brackish, and ground water are becoming increasingly
important solutions to overcome water shortage challenges. Various technologies have …

The shortage of clean water sources and increase of demand for fresh water have become
as major global challenges not only in industries but also inhuman life. Meanwhile …