Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most investigated antibacterial agents against
multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. They can lead to cellular death by means of different …

The biofilm is a bacterial colony wrapped in an auto-produced polymer matrix of
polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. Bacterial biofilms cause persistent infections because …

Multidrug resistant bacteria are a global threat for human and animal health. However, they
are only part of the problem of antibiotic failure. Another bacterial strategy that contributes to …

Historically, appreciation for the roles of resource gradients in biology has fluctuated
inversely to the popularity of genetic mechanisms. Nevertheless, in microbiology specifically …

Living biological systems, ranging from single cells to whole organisms, can sense, process
information, and actuate in response to changing environmental conditions. Inspired by …

INTRODUCTION Microbial populations display heterogeneous gene expression profiles that
result in phenotypic differences between individual bacteria. This diversity can allow …

Biofilm formation can lead to problems in healthcare, water distribution systems, food
processing and packaging, industrial manufacturing, marine industries, and sanitation …

Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, is an essential process in the
biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. The first step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation, is performed …

A biofilm is a group of microorganisms, that causes health problems for the patients with
indwelling medical devices via attachment of cells to the surface matrix. It increases the …

Biofilms have conventionally been perceived as dense bacterial masses on surfaces,
following the five-step model of development. Initial biofilm research focused on surface …