The abundances of main carbon-and oxygen-bearing gases in the atmospheres of giant
exoplanets provide insights into atmospheric chemistry and planet formation processes …

Theoretical studies of giant planet formation suggest that substantial quantities of metals—
elements heavier than hydrogen and helium—can be delivered by solid accretion during the …

This review presents an insight into our current knowledge of the atmospheres of the planets
Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the satellite Titan, and those of …

Abstract Upcoming James Webb Space Telescope observations will allow us to study
exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres in great detail. The physical interpretation of these …

We present an update of the open-source photochemical kinetics code VULCAN to include
C–H–N–O–S networks and photochemistry. The additional new features are advection …

We have introduced a fast and versatile computer code, GGCHEM, to determine the
chemical composition of gases in thermo-chemical equilibrium down to 100 K, with or …

With no analogues in the Solar System, the discovery of thousands of exoplanets with
masses and radii intermediate between Earth and Neptune was one of the big surprises of …

The hot Neptune desert is one of the most sparsely populated regions of the exoplanet
parameter space, and atmosphere observations of its few residents can provide insights into …

We report observations of the atmospheric transmission spectrum of the sub-Neptune
exoplanet GJ 3470 b taken using the Near-Infrared Camera on JWST. Combined with two …

The atmospheric pressure–temperature profiles for transiting giant planets cross a range of
chemical transitions. Here we show that the particular shapes of these irradiated profiles for …