The climate is a forced, dissipative, nonlinear, complex, and heterogeneous system that is
out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The system exhibits natural variability on many scales of …

The purpose of this review-and-research paper is twofold:(i) to review the role played in
climate dynamics by fluid-dynamical models; and (ii) to contribute to the understanding and …

We review work on extreme events, their causes and consequences, by a group of
European and American researchers involved in a three-year project on these topics. The …

Understanding the Earth's climate system and predicting its behavior under a range of “what
if” scenarios are among the greatest challenges for science today. The stakes are high, and …

A fundamental challenge in mathematical modelling is to find a model that embodies the
essential underlying physics of a system, while at the same time being simple enough to …

Recent estimates of climate evolution over the coming century still differ by several degrees.
This uncertainty motivates the work presented here. There are two basic approaches to …

After some introductory examples, in this chapter, some of the ways in which delay
differential equations (DDEs) differ from ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are …

The effect of time delay is inferred by studying the influence of time-delayed feedback on the
signal threshold of logic input signal, which reflects the width of the bistable region. Time …

The large-scale, near-surface flow of the mid-latitude oceans is dominated by the presence
of a larger, anticyclonic and a smaller, cyclonic gyre. The two gyres share the eastward …

Conceptual delay models have played a key role in the analysis and understanding of El
Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. Based on such delay models, we propose in …