The function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer is not limited to
angiogenesis and vascular permeability. VEGF-mediated signalling occurs in tumour cells …

Coupling between bone formation and bone resorption refers to the process within basic
multicellular units in which resorption by osteoclasts is met by the generation of osteoblasts …

Transected axons fail to regrow in the mature central nervous system. Astrocytic scars are
widely regarded as causal in this failure. Here, using three genetically targeted loss-of …

Axons are guided along specific pathways by attractive and repulsive cues in the
extracellular environment. Genetic and biochemical studies have led to the identification of …

In Drosophila, plexin A is a functional receptor for semaphorin-1a. Here we show that the
human plexin gene family comprises at least nine members in four subfamilies. Plexin-B1 is …

Previous studies suggested that Roundabout (Robo) is a repulsive guidance receptor on
growth cones that binds to an unknown midline ligand. Here we present genetic evidence …

Semaphorins are extracellular signaling proteins that are essential for the development and
maintenance of many organs and tissues. The more than 20-member semaphorin protein …

Class 1 and 3 semaphorins repulse axons but bind to different cell surface proteins. We find
that the two known semaphorin-binding proteins, plexin 1 (Plex 1) and neuropilin-1 (NP-1) …

▪ Abstract The guidance of axons during the establishment of the nervous system is
mediated by a variety of extracellular cues that govern cytoskeletal dynamics in axonal …

Malignant disease occurs when neoplastic cells abandon their primary site of accretion,
cross tissue boundaries and penetrate the vasculature to colonize distant sites. This process …