Lithium–air batteries (LABs) have attracted tremendous attention since the proposal of the
LAB concept in 1996 because LABs have a super high theoretical/practical specific energy …

Zn–air batteries are becoming the promising power sources for portable and wearable
electronic devices and hybrid/electric vehicles because of their high specific energy density …

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are among the most promising candidates of high‐energy‐
density devices for advanced energy storage. However, the growth of dendrites greatly …

Understanding reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface (EEI) is essential to
develo** strategies to enhance cycle life and safety of lithium batteries. Despite research …

The aprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery has excited huge interest due to it having the
highest theoretical energy density among the different types of rechargeable battery. The …

On discharge, the Li–O2 battery can form a Li2O2 film on the cathode surface, leading to low
capacities, low rates and early cell death, or it can form Li2O2 particles in solution, leading to …

Aprotic Li–O2 batteries represent promising alternative devices for electrical energy storage
owing to their extremely high energy densities. Upon discharge, insulating solid Li2O2 forms …

Currently, fossil fuels supply over 85% of the world's evergrowing energy demand. 1 There
is an increasing concern about the global climate change resulting from the worldwide use …

With the development of renewable energy and electrified transportation, electrochemical
energy storage will be more important in the future than it has ever been in the past …

The seemingly simple reaction of Li–O2 batteries involving lithium and oxygen makes this
chemistry attractive for high-energy-density storage systems; however, achieving this …