T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Immunotherapy has been a remarkable clinical advancement in the treatment of cancer. T
cells are pivotal to the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies, including immune …

Natural killer (NK) cells play indispensable roles in innate immune responses against tumor
progression. To depict their phenotypic and functional diversities in the tumor …

Background Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but most patients are
refractory to immunotherapy or acquire resistance, with the underlying mechanisms …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a cancer treatment with
enormous potential, demonstrating impressive antitumor activity in the treatment of …

The transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and activator protein 1 (AP-
1; Fos–Jun) cooperate to promote the effector functions of T cells, but NFAT in the absence …

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) orchestrate antitumour immunity and exhibit inherent
heterogeneity,, with precursor exhausted T (Tpex) cells but not terminally exhausted T (Tex) …

T lymphocytes, the major effector cells in cellular immunity, produce cytokines in immune
responses to mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. Work in the …

Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are highly immune infiltrated, but the effect of
immune heterogeneity on clinical outcome in ccRCC has not been fully characterized. Here …

Abstract 'T cell exhaustion'is a broad term that has been used to describe the response of T
cells to chronic antigen stimulation, first in the setting of chronic viral infection but more …