Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in
environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N …

Ocean warming has severe impacts on coral reef ecosystems with frequent incidences of
coral bleaching. In addition, eutrophication poses an increasing threat to coral reef …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Global nitrogen (N) deposition patterns have profoundly affected the production and
morphological structure of fine roots, which in turn changed the distribution of carbon in …

Soil microbes comprise a large portion of the genetic diversity on Earth and influence a large
number of important ecosystem processes. Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition …

Human activities have greatly perturbed the global nitrogen cycle. Planetary boundaries,
which describe a safe operating space for humanity, have already been exceeded for the …

Hundreds of coral paleoclimate records have been developed over the past several
decades, significantly extending the instrumental record and improving our understanding of …

With predictions that mass coral bleaching will occur annually within this century,
conservation efforts must focus their limited resources based on an accurate understanding …

The budget of reactive nitrogen (Nr; oxidized and reduced inorganic and organic forms of
nitrogen) has at least doubled since the preindustrial era due to human activities. Excess Nr …

Responsible interaction of people with the Earth system calls for deep engagement with
ethical considerations. Due to their professional knowledge and skills, geoscientists in …