Anthropogenic pollution is increasingly pervasive throughout all ecosystems worldwide. In
recent years, negative consequences on many taxa, such as birds, have been observed. We …

The application of lighting technologies developed in the 20th century has increased the
brightness and changed the spectral composition of nocturnal night-time habitats and night …

Background Artificial light is ubiquitous in the built environment with many known or
suspected impacts on birds. Birds flying at night are known to aggregate around artificial …

Irregular or unnatural artificial light causes severe environmental stress on the survival and
health of organisms, which is rapidly becoming a widespread new type of environmental …

Animals have evolved with natural patterns of light and darkness, such that light serves as
an important zeitgeber, allowing adaptive synchronization of behavior and physiology to …

Rapid anthropogenic transformation of environments exposes organisms to diverse
disturbance factors, including anthropogenic noise pollution and artificial light at night …

Life on earth has evolved during the past several billion years under relatively bright days
and dark nights. Virtually all organisms on the planet display an internal representation of …

Urban environments are evolutionarily novel and differ from natural environments in many
respects including food and/or water availability, predation, noise, light, air quality …

The continuously growing world population coupled with a trend towards urbanization,
associated development of human infrastructures and lowered lighting costs has led to an …

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing at a high rate across the globe and can cause
shifts in animal phenology due to the alteration of perceived photoperiod. Birds in particular …