An unstable bilirubin level in the human blood causes many dangerous health problems,
such as jaundice, coronary artery disease, ulcerative colitis, and brain lesions. Therefore …

In this work, THz photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is used to detect the creatinine level in the
blood with high sensitivity. The sensing technique depends on increasing the light …

Numerous techniques and technologies have been proposed for the detection and
identification of hazardous chemicals that can harm the lungs and respiratory system as well …

This paper represents a design mechanism and numerical investigations of a PCF sensor
that contains a hollow core for sensing the primary chemical analytes namely water, ethanol …

This research paper introduces a design and numerical investigation of a photonic crystal
fiber (PCF) sensor with a hollow core. The sensor is specifically designed to detect …

A zeonex-based rectangular cored photonic crystal fiber sensor is designed and applied for
investigating a number of optical properties for sensing alcohols of variant classes. The finite …

This paper presents three different PCF structures including circular, hexagonal, and square
holes forming four rings. To investigate various optical properties, simulation has been …

A complete numerical investigation along with the design mechanism of a rectangular-
shaped hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (RH-PCF) is highlighted in this article. This RH …

A high-performance photonic crystal fibre-based alcohol biosensor is introduced for the
selective test analytes: propanol, butanol, and pentanol operating at wavelengths ranging …