Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the last
decade, significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, particularly …

Simple Summary Melanoma is a major public health issue that claims the lives of thousands
of people every year. Furthermore, the outlook for the coming years is not encouraging with …

Background Dabrafenib plus trametinib improves clinical outcomes in BRAF V600-mutant
metastatic melanoma without brain metastases; however, the activity of dabrafenib plus …

The common mutation BRAFV600 in primary melanomas activates the mitogen-activated
protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway and the …

Background Effective treatments for patients with cholangiocarcinoma after progression on
gemcitabine-based chemotherapy are urgently needed. Mutations in the BRAF gene have …

Approximately 50% of melanomas harbor an activating BRAF mutation. Combined BRAF
and MEK inhibitors such as dabrafenib and trametinib, vemurafenib and cobimetinib, and …

The discovery of the role of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in melanomagenesis and its
progression have opened a new era in the treatment of this tumor. Vemurafenib was the first …

Malignant melanoma is a neoplasm originating in the melanocytes in the skin. Although
malignant melanoma is the third most common cutaneous cancer, it is recognized as the …

V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) kinase, which was encoded by
BRAF gene, plays critical roles in cell signaling, growth, and survival. Mutations in BRAF …

Simple Summary Malignant melanoma is more dangerous than most other skin cancers due
to its ability to spread early and aggressively. Until the development of new therapeutic …