This paper aims to provide a systematical review of the available printing strategies,
sustainable cementitious materials and characterization methods for extrusion-based 3D …

The deterioration of concrete microstructures in freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles is the primary
reason for the reduction in the service life of concrete. This paper reviews recent progress in …

Air entraining admixtures (AEAs) are surfactant-based solutions and powders that are used
to stabilize air voids in cement paste that protect concrete against frost damage. After …

In cold regions, hydraulic concrete structures are vulnerable to freeze–thaw (FT) damage,
which is manifested by the evolution of microstructure in concrete. In order to reveal this …

For many 3D printed cementitious materials, air voids may play a dominant role in the
interlayer bond strength. However, to date, far too little attention has been paid to reveal the …

Mine tailings (MTs) are ore residuals after valuable metals were extracted during mineral
processing, which can be reused to produce the geopolymer concrete for construction and …

In cementitious system, surfactant is used as air-entraining agents, which is often
incompatible with other chemical admixtures, such as superplasticizers. The adsorption of …

The mesoscopic damage characteristics of geopolymer under freezing-thawing (FT) cycles
affect its macroscopic physical and mechanical properties, which further influence the safety …

A new image analysis procedure for quantifying microcracks from three-dimensional (3D) X-
ray microCT images of concrete is presented. The method separates microcracks from air …

In this work, the influences of different sulphate and chloride laden environment on the
corrosion of reinforced concrete have been examined in real time by the digital image …