Determining the psychological, computational, and neural bases of confidence and
uncertainty holds promise for understanding foundational aspects of human metacognition …

Engaging in metacognition (evaluating, controlling, and representing cognitive states) is
paramount for efficient behaviour. In this Review, we examine different types of cognitive …

We systematically misjudge our own performance in simple economic tasks. First, we
generally overestimate our ability to make correct choices—a bias called overconfidence …

Perception is a probabilistic process dependent on external stimulus properties and one's
internal state. However, which internal states influence perception and via what mechanisms …

Humans can make abstract choices independent of motor actions. However, in laboratory
tasks, choices are typically reported with an associated action. Consequentially, knowledge …

Humans and other animals rely on social learning strategies to guide their behaviour,
especially when the task is difficult and individual learning might be costly or ineffective …

Humans have the metacognitive ability to assess the accuracy of their decisions via
confidence judgments. Several computational models of confidence have been developed …

Biological organisms display remarkably flexible behaviours. This is an area of active
investigation, in particular in the fields of artificial intelligence, computational and cognitive …

Every decision we make is accompanied by an estimate of the probability that our decision
is accurate or appropriate. This probability estimate is termed our degree of decision …

Confidence, the subjective estimate of decision quality, is a cognitive process necessary for
learning from mistakes and guiding future actions. The origins of confidence judgments …