Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent chronic joint disease, increases in prevalence with
age, and affects majority of individuals over the age of 65 and is a leading musculoskeletal …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is
involved in a vast majority of cellular processes and is fundamentally important throughout …

Abstract Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a highly conserved NAD+-dependent
deacetylase, is a cellular regulator that has received extensive attention in recent years and …

Runx2 is a master transcription factor for osteogenesis. The most important phenomenon
that makes this protein a master regulator for osteogenesis is its structural integrity. In …

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained great attention as epigenetic regulators of
gene expression in many tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs, together with …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging in tissue engineering as promising acellular tools,
circumventing many of the limitations associated with cell‐based therapies. Epigenetic …

Magnesium phosphates such as newberyite (MgHPO4· 3H2O) are formed in vivo and are
known to be biodegradable and nontoxic after implantation. Indeed, magnesium apatites …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, is the leading cause of impaired
mobility in the elderly, and accounts for more than a third of chronic moderate to severe pain …

Effective early disease modifying options for osteoarthritis remain lacking. Tissue
engineering approach to generate cartilage in vitro has emerged as a promising option for …

Runx2 is a critical transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. Regulation of Runx2
expression levels and transcriptional activity is important for bone morphogenetic protein …