Once damaged, articular cartilage has a limited potential to repair. Clinically, a repair tissue
is formed, yet, it is often mechanically inferior fibrocartilage. The use of monolayer expanded …

Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate
extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by …

This paper describes the structure and function of the normal synovium including the cellular
content, nerve and vascular supply and how normal synovium maintains homeostasis within …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is important in the
regulation of joint homeostasis and disease. TGFβ signalling is induced by loading and has …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and no disease-
modifying therapy for OA is currently available. Targeting articular cartilage alone may not …

Calcification occurs in atherosclerotic vascular lesions and in the aortic valve. Calcific aortic
valve disease (CAVD) is a slow, progressive disorder that ranges from mild valve thickening …

Mechanical factors play a crucial role in the development of articular cartilage in vivo. In this
regard, tissue engineers have sought to leverage native mechanotransduction pathways to …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disorder worldwide, with a high
personal burden for the patients and an important socio-economic impact. Current therapies …

Human articular cartilage has a poor ability to self‐repair, meaning small injuries often lead
to osteoarthritis, a painful and debilitating condition which is a major contributor to the global …

Interest in non-invasive injectable therapies has rapidly risen due to their excellent safety
profile and ease of use in clinical settings. Injectable hydrogels can be derived from the …