Biogeography is the study of species distribution and diversity within an ecosystem and is at
the core of how we understand ecosystem dynamics and interactions at the macroscale. In …

A dense and diverse microbial community inhabits the gut and many epithelial surfaces.
Referred to as the microbiota, it co-evolved with the host and is beneficial for many host …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) play vital roles in bacterial communication both
intraspecifically and interspecifically. However, extracellular mechanisms of gut microbiota …

Gut bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have important effects on
immune cells and the gut. SCFAs derive from the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut …

Symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract promote health by decreasing
susceptibility to infection and enhancing resistance to a range of diseases. In this Review …

Antibiotics played an important role in controlling the development of enteric infection.
However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and gut dysbiosis led to a growing interest …

The gut microbiota, which includes Akkermansia muciniphila, is known to modulate energy
metabolism, glucose tolerance, immune system maturation and function in humans …

Abstract In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
(ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the …

The breakdown of the gut's mucosal barrier that prevents the infiltration of microorganisms,
inflammatory cytokines and toxins into bodily tissues can lead to inflammatory bowel …

Microbiota‐based therapeutics offer innovative strategies to treat inflammatory bowel
diseases (IBDs). However, the poor clinical outcome so far and the limited flexibility of the …