Droplet-based microfluidic systems generate, manipulate and control sub-microlitre droplets
enclosed within an immiscible carrier fluid. Owing to a number of remarkable features, such …

Phage display technology can be used for the discovery of antibodies for research,
diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we present and discuss key parameters …

Humoral immunity is divided into the cellular B cell and protein-level antibody responses.
High-throughput sequencing has advanced our understanding of both these fundamental …

Highlights•GCs are important sites of B-cell selection for humoral responses.•GCs can
persist for weeks to months after antigen exposure.•How long GCs persist may be influenced …

Antibody-secreting cells (ASC), plasmablasts and plasma cells, are terminally differentiated
B cells responsible for large-scale production and secretion of antibodies. ASC are derived …

Adaptive immune repertoires are composed by the ensemble of B and T-cell receptors
within an individual, reflecting both past and current immune responses. Recent advances in …

Germinal Centres (GCs) are transient structures in secondary lymphoid organs, where
affinity maturation of B cells takes place following an infection. While GCs are responsible for …

Upon resolution of an acute viral infection, during latent‐reactivating infection and during
chronic active infections virus‐specific T‐cells differentiate into distinct subsets that differ in …

High-throughput single-cell sequencing (scSeq) technologies are revolutionizing the ability
to molecularly profile B and T lymphocytes by offering the opportunity to simultaneously …

Humoral immunity is a critical component of the coordinated response required to resolve
viral infections and mediate protection following pathogen clearance or vaccination. A better …