Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency, with resistance detected to all antibiotics
currently in clinical use and only a few novel drugs in the pipeline. Understanding the …

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in current practical medicine. The
spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of …

Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

The genus Enterobacter is a member of the ESKAPE group, which contains the major
resistant bacterial pathogens. First described in 1960, this group member has proven to be …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Membrane lipids interact with proteins in a variety of ways, ranging from providing a stable
membrane environment for proteins to being embedded in to detailed roles in complicated …

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) enables structure determination of
macromolecular objects and their assemblies. Although the techniques have been …

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult or impossible to treat are becoming increasingly
common and are causing a global health crisis. Antibiotic resistance is encoded by several …

The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to
antibiotic therapy. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux mechanisms that are ubiquitous …

Traditional annotation of protein-encoding genes relied on assumptions, such as one open
reading frame (ORF) encodes one protein and minimal lengths for translated proteins. With …