Hypoxia, a hallmark of solid tumors, determines the selection of invasive and aggressive
malignant clones displaying resistance to radiotherapy, conventional chemotherapy or …

Single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been tested in patients with
advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to objective response rates of 15-20 …

Over the past 15 years, there has been great interest in the potential to repurpose the
diabetes drug, metformin, as a cancer treatment. However, despite considerable efforts …

Activated fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) cells are regarded as an important target for
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment via starvation therapy mediated by glucose oxidase …

Phototherapy, mainly including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy
(PDT), can kill cancer cells by generating heat or reactive oxygen species, which has the …

Hypoxia is a unique characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia contributes
to multi-drug resistance, metastasis and cancer relapse through numerous molecular …

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein involved in a
broad range of cellular and metabolic functions carried out in a variety of cellular …

The cellular stress and immunity cycle is a cornerstone of organismal homeostasis. Stress
activates intracellular and intercellular communications within a tissue or organ to initiate …

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that contributes to angiogenesis, invasiveness,
metastasis, altered metabolism and genomic instability. As hypoxia is a major actor in tumor …

Hypoxia is a major pathogenetic factor in many cancers. Individual resistance to suboptimal
oxygen availability is subject to broad variation and its possible role in tumorigenesis …