The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide
range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenic population of immature
myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects, which undergo massive expansion during …

Tumor immunotherapy is only effective in a fraction of patients due to a low response rate
and severe side effects, and these challenges of immunotherapy in clinics can be addressed …

The clinical responses observed following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) support immunotherapy as a potential anticancer treatment. However, a large …

Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

DNA, a genetic material, has been employed in different scientific directions for various
biological applications as driven by DNA nanotechnology in the past decades, including …

The past decades have witnessed hyperthermia therapy (HTT) as an emerging strategy
against malignant tumors. Nanomaterial‐based photothermal therapy (PTT) and magnetic …

This review captures the synthesis, assembly, properties, and applications of copper
chalcogenide NCs, which have achieved significant research interest in the last decade due …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have achieved remarkable clinical responses
in patients with many different types of cancer; however, most patients who receive ICB …

Researchers working on the development of vaccines face an inherent dilemma: to
maximize immunogenicity without compromising safety and tolerability. Early vaccines often …