Numerical simulations have become one of the key tools used by theorists in all the fields of
astrophysics and cosmology. The development of modern tools that target the largest …

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a ubiquitous numerical method for solving the
fluid equations, and is prized for its conservation properties, natural adaptivity, and …

All modern galaxy formation models employ stochastic elements in their sub-grid
prescriptions to discretize continuous equations across the time domain. In this paper, we …

Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback from accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs)
is an essential ingredient of galaxy formation simulations. The orbital evolution of SMBHs is …

Recent high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations run with a variety of codes
systematically predict large amounts of entropy in the intra-cluster medium at low redshift …

Feedback from supernovae (SNe) is an essential mechanism that self-regulates the growth
of galaxies, and a better model of SN feedback is still needed in galaxy-formation …

The diffuse medium in and around galaxies can exist in a multiphase state: small, cold gas
clouds contributing significantly to the total mass embedded in pressure equilibrium with a …

Large-scale cosmological galaxy formation simulations typically prevent gas in the
interstellar medium (ISM) from cooling below. This has been motivated by the inability to …

Cloud–wind interactions are common in the interstellar and circumgalactic media. Many
studies have used simulations of such interactions to investigate the effect of particular …

We introduce our new cosmological simulation data set CROCODILE, executed using the
GADGET4-Osaka smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. This simulation incorporates an …