A defining property of retroviruses is their ability to assemble into particles that can leave
producer cells and spread infection to susceptible cells and hosts. Virion morphogenesis …

Cell-cell fusion between eukaryotic cells is a general process involved in many
physiological and pathological conditions, including infections by bacteria, parasites, and …

Host proteins are essential for HIV entry and replication and can be important nonviral
therapeutic targets. Large-scale RNA interference (RNAi)-based screens have identified …

Conformational dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (S) mediate exposure of the binding site for the cellular receptor …

T cell activation and function require a structured engagement of antigen-presenting cells.
These cell contacts are characterized by two distinct dynamics in vivo: transient contacts …

The spread of HIV between immune cells is greatly enhanced by cell-cell adhesions called
virological synapses, although the underlying mechanisms have been unclear. With use of …

My first exposure to visibly fluorescent proteins (FPs) was near the end of my time as a
faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley. Professor Alexander Glazer, a friend …

While HIV-1 infection of target cells with cell-free viral particles has been largely
documented, intercellular transmission through direct cell-to-cell contact may be a …

Viral infections spread based on the ability of viruses to overcome multiple barriers and
move from cell to cell, tissue to tissue, and person to person and even across species. While …

After host entry through mucosal surfaces, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)
disseminates to lymphoid tissues to establish a generalized infection of the immune system …