Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is commonly caused by vascular
injuries in cerebral large and small vessels and is a key driver of age-related cognitive …

Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common …

A healthy brain is protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the
endothelial cells that line brain capillaries. The BBB plays an extremely important role in …

The endothelium that lines the interior of blood vessels is directly exposed to blood flow. The
shear stress arising from blood flow is “sensed” by the endothelium and is “transduced” into …

Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis
and mediate several pathological and physiological processes. Mechanical stresses …

In European countries, nearly 10% of all hospital admissions are related to respiratory
diseases, mainly chronic life-threatening diseases such as COPD, pulmonary hypertension …

Diabetes mellitus is associated with endothelial dysfunction that leads to cardiovascular
complications. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors demonstrated efficacy in …

The most common manifestation of cardiovascular (CV) diseases is the presence of arterial
hypertension (AH), which impacts on endothelial dysfunction. CV risk is associated with high …

Despite all the advances of modern medicine, atherosclerosis continues to be one of the
most important medical and social problems. Atherosclerosis is the cause of several …

Atherosclerosis is one of the key problems of modern medicine, which is due to the high
prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their significant share in the …