Interactions between plants and the root-colonizing fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) can be
neutral, beneficial, or detrimental for the host. Fo is infamous for its ability to cause wilt, root …

Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

Plant innate immunity relies in first place on the detection of invading microbes. Thus, plants
evolved receptors to sense unique molecules of the microbe, the so called microbe …

Plants are sessile organisms that are under constant attack from microbes. They rely on both
preformed defenses, and their innate immune system to ward of the microbial pathogens …

Increasing interest is devoted to carbohydrates for their roles in plant immunity. Some of
them are elicitors of plant defenses whereas other ones act as signaling molecules in a …

Pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites or phytopharmaceuticals include
alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins etc. Currently, most of these …

Treatment of bean or soybean cells with fungal elicitor or glutathione causes a rapid
insolubilization of preexisting (hydroxy) proline-rich structural proteins in the cell wall. This …

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is susceptible to many pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea,
Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator, and Eutypa lata. Phytochemicals are used …

Higher plants have the ability to initiate various defence reactions such as the production of
phytoalexins, antimicrobial proteins, reactive oxygen species, and reinforcement of cell walls …

Plants have exquisitely sensitive chemoperception systems for signal substances derived
from microorganisms. Among the microbial substances that plants can perceive at threshold …