Despite long-standing interest in the role of sex on human development, the functional
consequences of fetal sex on early development are not well-understood. Here we explore …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one of the main biological systems that regulates
the body's physiology. Autonomic nervous system regulatory capacity begins before birth as …

Abstract Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence from a relatively small number of
prospective studies indicates that exposure to prenatal stress profoundly influences the …

Fetal sex plays an important role in modifying the course and complications related to
pregnancy and may also have an impact on maternal health and well-being both during and …

The implications of the biologically active elements in milk for the mammalian infant are
largely unknown. Animal models demonstrate that transmission of glucocorticoids through …

Among the earliest volumes of this Monograph series was a report by Lester Sontag and
colleagues, of the esteemed Fels Institute, on the heart rate of the human fetus as an …

The developmental origins of disease or fetal programming model predict that early
exposures to threat or adverse conditions have lifelong consequences that result in harmful …

Abstract Maternal cortisol levels (at 15, 19, 25, 31 and 37 weeks' gestation) and fetal
movement response to vibroacoustic stimulation (VAS; at 25, 31 and 37 weeks) were …

Despite the evidence for early fetal experience exerting programming influences on later
neurological development and health risk, very few prospective studies of human fetal …

Introduction: Fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) evaluates the fetal neurological state, which
is poorly assessed by conventional prenatal surveillance including cardiotocography (CTG) …