Abstract γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is synthesized endogenously from γ-aminobutyric acid
(GABA) or exogenously from 1, 4-butanediol (butane-1, 4-diol; 1, 4-BD) or γ-butyrolactone …

Prodrugs are an important strategy for the development and design of therapeutic drugs.
They involve the addition of an easily removable group (such as an ester) to a molecule in …

This study aimed to characterize patients admitted to critical care following Emergency
Department (ED) presentation with acute recreational drug toxicity and to identify …

Introduction Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use is associated with high risk of accidental
overdose. This study examined the pre‐hospital circumstances, demographic characteristics …

Behavioral aspects of organized sports activity for pediatric athletes are considered in a
world consumed with winning at all costs. In the first part of this treatise, we deal with a …

Introduction Polydrug use in the context of chemsex is commonplace among gay, bisexual,
and other men-who-have-sex-with-men (GBMSM). This study aimed to examine the …

Despite progress in the development and validation of analytical methods. In the meantime,
the challenges in interpretive forensic toxicology remain persistent, since it is no easy to …

Rationale Regular consumption of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) may result in a
dependence syndrome that can lead to withdrawal symptoms. There are limited data on …

Chemsex is the interplay of substance use by men who have sex with men (MSM) in sexual
contexts. The minority stress model and the identity process theory are explanatory models …

Introduction γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is produced endogenously from γ-aminobutyric
acid (GABA) or formed after the absorption of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) or 1, 4-butanediol (1, 4 …