Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes, with
several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, some of which are still uncertain. The …

This review attempts to cover the implication of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) in controlling
immune functions with emphasis on their significance, function, regulation and expression …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling represents one of the best studied pathways to implement
defense mechanisms against invading microbes in human being as well as in animals …

Contact lenses represent a widely utilized form of vision correction with more than 140
million wearers worldwide. Although generally well-tolerated, contact lenses can cause …

Objective: Although most reviews of Pseudomonas aeruginosa therapeutics focus on
antibiotics currently in use or in the pipeline, we review evolving translational strategies …

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most uncomplicated urinary tract infections
(UTIs) in humans. Flagellum-mediated motility and chemotaxis have been suggested to …

Infection and inflammation during contact lens wear is often associated with microbial
contamination of lenses. Several different types of microbes that colonize lenses can lead to …

Bacterial infections of the cornea, or bacterial keratitis (BK), are notorious for causing rapidly
fulminant disease and permanent vision loss, even among treated patients. In the last sixty …

Recently, increasing studies have emphasized the importance of commensal bacteria in
humans, including microbiota in the oral cavity, gut, vagina, or skin. Ocular surface …

The objective of this study was to examine the expression of Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) by
human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and to determine whether exposure to the TLR3 …