Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular
resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the …

The heart is uniquely responsible for providing its own blood supply through the coronary
circulation. Regulation of coronary blood flow is quite complex and, after over 100 years of …

The incidence of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between men and women, in
part because of differences in risk factors and hormones. 1 The incidence of atherosclerotic …

The retinal and cerebral microvasculatures share many morphological and physiological
properties. Assessment of the cerebral microvasculature requires highly specialized and …

Gender has an important influence on blood pressure, with premenopausal women having a
lower arterial blood pressure than age-matched men. Compared with premenopausal …

The greater incidence of hypertension and coronary artery disease in men and
postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women has been related, in part, to …

The impact of estrogen exposure in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease is
controversial. But it is clear that estrogen has important effects on vascular physiology and …

The properties and roles of ATP-sensitive (KATP) and inwardly rectifying (KIR) potassium
channels are reviewed. Potassium channels regulate the membrane potential of smooth …

Local intracellular Ca2+ transients, termed Ca2+ sparks, are caused by the coordinated
opening of a cluster of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic …

Quantitative studies of retinal vascular caliber using new computer-assisted retinal imaging
systems have allowed physicians and researchers to understand the influence of systemic …