Covering: up to June 2020 Ribosomally-synthesized and post-translationally modified
peptides (RiPPs) are a large group of natural products. A community-driven review in 2013 …

In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow
new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid …

Nature uses a limited, conservative set of amino acids to synthesize proteins. The ability to
genetically encode an expanded set of building blocks with new chemical and physical …

Nature uses 64 codons to encode the synthesis of proteins from the genome, and chooses 1
sense codon—out of up to 6 synonyms—to encode each amino acid. Synonymous codon …

INTRODUCTION In 1984, the simplest cells capable of autonomous growth, the
mycoplasmas, were proposed as models for understanding the basic principles of life. In …

The encoded biosynthesis of proteins provides the ultimate paradigm for high-fidelity
synthesis of long polymers of defined sequence and composition, but it is limited to …

Over 20 years ago, the pyrrolysine encoding translation system was discovered in specific
archaea. Our Review provides an overview of how the once obscure pyrrolysyl-tRNA …

The second decade of synthetic biology: 2010–2020 | Nature Communications Skip to main
content Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support …

Genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) can enable a wide range of important
applications including environmental sensing and responsive engineered living materials …

It is widely hypothesized that removing cellular transfer RNAs (tRNAs)—making their
cognate codons unreadable—might create a genetic firewall to viral infection and enable …